EVM - Electronic voting machine- Informative Article by Prof Manisha

 

EVM - Electronic voting machine

The full form of EVM is an Electronic Voting Machine. EVM is an electronic device used to record votes. It is an instrument used for implementing electronic voting in Indian State and General Elections

History of EVM

·         M.. B. Haneefa created the first voting machine in India in 1980.

·         EVM machine’s initial version was displayed to the public at various Government Exhibitions organized in six different cities throughout Tamil Nadu.

·         In 1982 EVM was first used for a limited number of voting booths in the election of Paravur constituency in Kerala.

·         In 1989 EVM was approved by Election Commission of India in partnership with Electronics Corporation of India Limited.

Advantages of EVM

• EVM reduces the chance of doubtful or invalid votes
• EVM provides a faster way than the conventional method of calculating votes.
•  It preserves the effort and money of the election staff.
• It is an eco friendly approach because it does not involve the use of paper that helps save trees.
• EVM is a cost-effective method because only one ballot paper or document is required in each voting place, and the transportation costs of EVM are also lower than the traditional ballot boxes.
• It can be carried or moved from one location to the next without any difficulty.
• In less time, more people will be able to cast votes.
• The data can be stored to future reference for a prolonged period.

Usage of Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) in India

Earlier in the elections that were conducted in India, the voters used to choose their candidates by putting a stamp on the ballot paper. A sheet of paper which had the list of contesting candidates, along with their party symbol and party name is known as the ballot paper.

In the entire India, the EVMs were used for the first time in the 2004 general elections. As EVMs were used in the 2004 Lok Sabha elections, it helped to save around 1,50,000 trees. If EVMs were not used in 2004 Lok Sabha elections then it would have resulted in the loss of these many trees to produce 8,000 tons paper for printing the ballot papers.

The EVMs will have symbols of the party, names of the candidates, name of the candidate’s party. If independent candidates are contesting the elections, their symbols will also be shown. Voters have to simply press the button given in front of the candidate’s name and the vote gets recorded. After the completion of polling, the EVMs are sealed and taken to a secure place. On a fixed date, all the EVMs from a constituency are opened and the votes secured by each candidate are counted.

 Submitted by

Prof.Manisha

DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE.

Beautiful Article on SELF-WORTH submitted By Prof Darshdeep Kaur

 

                  Self-worth

            ” No one is you……. And that’s your POWER”

The only one who gets to decide your worth is you. It does not come from your bank account or the number of friends you have. It’s called a self-worth for a reason- YOUR WORTH COMES FROM YOU.

 

SELF-WORTH is being able to feel good about yourself with no influence from outside source and it is necessary for a person because it is the key to positive mental health and well-being.

Some of the great leaders, artists and public figures were talking about self-worth long before the concept was ever named. Here are some of the most noteworthy self-worth quotes:

v "You yourself, as much as anybody in the entire universe deserve your love and affection." – Buddha

 

v "Until you value yourself, you won't value your time. Until you value your time, you will not do anything with it." -- M. Scott Peck  

 

 

v "Act as if what you do makes a difference. It does." -- William James

 

v "Self-care is never a selfish act--it is simply good stewardship of the only gift I have, the gift I was put on earth to offer to others." -- Parker Palmer

 

 

Here are some quick techniques to improve your self-worth:

Ø Have a positive attitude

Ø Get up and get moving

Ø Do something with a purpose

Ø Make sure you eat right

Ø Set time aside for yourself

Ø Write down your goals

Ø Eliminate self-criticism and introduce self-compassion

Ø Affirm your real worth

Submitted By

Prof Darshdeep Kaur

Lyallpur Khalsa College 

Kapurthala

 

 

ਲਾਇਲਪੁਰ ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ ਕਾਲਜ ਕਪੂਰਥਲਾ ਵਿਖੇ ਸਾਈਬਰ ਜਾਗਰੂਕਤਾ ਦਿਵਸ ਸਬੰਧੀ ਕਰਵਾਇਆ ਗਿਆ ਸੈਮੀਨਾਰ।

 ਲਾਇਲਪੁਰ ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ ਕਾਲਜ ਕਪੂਰਥਲਾ ਵਿਖੇ ਸਾਈਬਰ ਜਾਗਰੂਕਤਾ ਦਿਵਸ ਸਬੰਧੀ ਕਰਵਾਇਆ ਗਿਆ ਸੈਮੀਨਾਰ।

ਮਨਿਸਟਰੀ ਆਫ ਹੋਮਜ਼ ਅਫੇਅਰਜ਼ ਦੀ ਸਕੀਮ ਇੰਡੀਅਨ ਸਾਈਬਰ ਕ੍ਰਾਈਮ ਕੋਆਰਡੀਨੇਸ਼ਨ ਦੇ ਅੰਤਰਗਤ ਲਾਇਲਪੁਰ ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ ਕਾਲਜ, ਅਰਬਨ ਅਸਟੇਟ ਕਪੂਰਥਲਾ ਵਿਖੇ ਸਾਈਬਰ ਜਾਗਰੂਕਤਾ ਦਿਵਸ ਨੂੰ ਸਮਰਪਿਤ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵਸ਼ਾਲੀ ਸੈਮੀਨਾਰ ਕਰਵਾਇਆ ਗਿਆ, ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਾਲਜ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਿੰਸੀਪਲ ਡਾ. ਬਲਦੇਵ ਸਿੰਘ ਢਿੱਲੋਂ ਮੁੱਖ ਰਿਸੋਰਸ ਪਰਸਨ ਵਜੋਂ ਅਤੇ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਵਿਭਾਗ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰੋ. ਜਸਪ੍ਰੀਤ ਕੌਰ ਖੈੜਾ ਰਿਸੋਰਸ ਪਰਸਨ ਵਜੋਂ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹੋਏ। ਮੁੱਖ ਰਿਸੋਰਸ ਪਰਸਨ ਪ੍ਰਿੰਸੀਪਲ ਡਾ. ਬਲਦੇਵ ਸਿੰਘ ਢਿੱਲੋਂ ਅਤੇ ਰਿਸੋਰਸ ਪਰਸਨ ਪ੍ਰੋ. ਜਸਪ੍ਰੀਤ ਕੌਰ ਖੈੜਾ ਦਾ ਸਮੂਹ ਸਟਾਫ ਵਲੋਂ ਫੁੱਲਾਂ ਦਾ ਗੁਲਦਸਤਾ ਦੇ ਕੇ ਸਵਾਗਤ ਕੀਤਾ। ਡਾ. ਢਿੱਲੋਂ ਅਤੇ ਪ੍ਰੋ. ਖੈੜਾ ਨੇ ਡਾਟਾ ਸਕਿਓਰ, ਸਾਈਬਰ ਸਕਿਉਰਟੀ, ਇਨਫੋਰਮੇਸ਼ਨ ਸਕਿਓਰਟੀ, ਸਾਈਬਰ ਕ੍ਰਾਈਮ, ਓ.ਐਸ.ਐੱਲ ਅਤੇ ਸੀ.ਆਈ.ਏ ਬਾਰੇ ਗਿਆਨ ਭਰਪੂਰ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਦਿੱਤੀ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਆਨਲਾਈਨ ਜਾਲਸਾਜ਼ੀਆਂ ਤੋਂ ਸੁਰੱਖਿਅਤ ਰਹਿਣ ਦੇ ਢੰਗਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਲੋੜ ਪੈਣ ਉੱਤੇ ਸਹਾਇਤਾ ਲਈ ਬਣੇ ਕਾਨੂੰਨਾਂ ਤੇ  ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਾਈਬਰ ਸਕੈਮਜ਼, ਸਾਈਬਰ ਥਰੈਟਸ, ਸਾਈਬਰ ਅਟੈਕਸ ਤੇ ਸਾਈਬਰ ਸਕਿਉਰਟੀ ਟੂਲਜ਼ ਬਾਰੇ ਵੀ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਦਿੱਤੀ। ਅੰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਨੇ ਸਵਾਲ-ਜਵਾਬ ਵੀ ਕੀਤੇ, ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦਾ ਜਵਾਬ ਰਿਸੋਰਸ ਪਰਸਨਸ ਨੇ ਤਸੱਲੀ ਬਖਸ਼ ਦਿੱਤੇ।

Merchant Banking and Its Scope - Brilliant Article shared by Prof Amandeep Singh

 

Merchant banking and its scope in India

 

Merchant banking is a combination of banking and consultancy services. It provides consultancy to its clients for financial, marketing, managerial and legal matters. Consultancy means to provide advice, guidance and service. It helps a business person to start a business. It helps to raise (collect) helps finance .It helps to expand and modernize the business .It help in restructuring of a business . It helps to review sick business units. It also helps companies to register, buy and sell share at the stock exchange.

Definition

Merchant banking can be defined as a skill-oriented professional service provided by merchant banks to their clients, concerning their financial needs, for adequate consideration, in the form of fee.Merchant banks are a specialist in international trade and thus, excel in transacting with large enterprises moIn other words, Merchant Banking is a combination of banking and consultancy services and provides consultancy to its clients for financial managerial and legal matters.

MERCHANT BANKING IN INDIA

In 1967, Reserve Bank of India issued its first merchant Banking license to grindlays which started with management of capital issues, production planning, system design. Indian Banks started banking service as a part of multiple services they offered to the clients from 1972 and since 1972 State Bank of India started Merchant Banking divisions Commercial Banks and Foreign Development Finance Institutions have organized them through formation of division: nationalized banks formed Subsidiaries Companies and share brokers have constituted themselves into public Ltd. company or registered themselves into private limited companies.

 

Merchant Banking is practiced in India as

1. Foreign Bank: Merchant Bank also practiced as a foreign bank as it guides to conduct and market practice in foreign exchange.

2. Private Bank: Merchant Bank is practiced as a private bank by collaborating and sharing ownership in order to indulge private sector.

3. Indian Bank : Merchant Bank is practiced as Indian Bank by collaborating more and leading to more investment in India.

4. Financial Institutions: Merchant Bank is practiced as financial institution in order to involve financial institution in working for more issues and more consultancy services.

"ਆਸ਼ਾਵਾਦੀ ਸੋਚ" - By Prof Gagandeep Kaur Sahi

 "ਆਸ਼ਾਵਾਦੀ ਸੋਚ"

ਆਸ ਰੱਖੀ ਮਨਾਂ ਬਣ ਕੇ ਆਸ਼ਾਵਾਦੀ,
ਕੁਝ ਨਹੀਂ ਮਿਲਣਾ ਹੋ ਕੇ ਨਿਰਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਦੀ।
ਇਹ ਦੁਨੀਆਂ ਜਦ ਰੰਗ ਵਟਾਉ,
ਕਲਯੁੱਗ ਦੀ ਥਾਂ ਸਤਯੁੱਗ ਫਿਰ ਆਉ।
ਗਰੀਬ ਨੇ ਵੀ ਫਿਰ ਸੁੱਖ ਨਾਲ ਸੌਣਾ,
ਬੱਚਾ ਕੋਈ ਨਾ ਭੁੱਖ ਨਾਲ ਰੋਣਾ।
ਉੱਚਾ ਨੀਵਾਂ ਇੱਕ ਸਮਾਨ,
ਮਿਲੂਗਾ ਸਭ ਨੂੰ ਇਹ ਵਰਦਾਨ।
ਵਿੱਦਿਆ ਦਾ ਅਸਲੀ ਚਾਨਣ ਜਦ ਹੋਊ,
ਹਰ ਕੋਈ ਪਾਪ ਨੂੰ ਪੁੰਨ ਨਾਲ ਧੋਊ।
ਅੰਧ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਾਸਾਂ ਦੀ ਹੋਣੀ ਏ ਸਖ਼ਤ ਮਨਾਹੀ,
ਚਾਲ ਸਮੇਂ ਦੀ ਜਦ ਬਦਲਣ ਤੇ ਆੲੀ।
ਸੱਚਾਈ ਨੇ ਜਦ ਲਾਇਆ ਪਹਿਰਾ,
ਰੰਗ ਸਭ ਤੇ ਚੜ੍ਹਨਾ ਹੈ ਫਿਰ ਗਹਿਰਾ।
ਦੁਨੀਆਂ ਫਿਰ ਲੱਗਣੀ ਹੈ ਚੰਗੀ,
ਅਸਮਾਨੀ ਰੰਗ ਜਦ ਭਰਿਆ ਸਤਰੰਗੀ।

(Gagandeep Kaur Sahi)

Assistant professor

Lyallpur khalsa college, Kapurthala 

Understanding Mutual Funds- Article by prof Amandeep Singh

 

Understanding Mutual funds

 

Mutual Funds are professionally managed investment funds that pools money from various investors to invest in securities. These investors may be retail or institutional in nature. Mutual Funds Investments for NRIs helps in long term financial planning. There are a number of features and benefits for NRIs Mutual Funds. You can also enjoy diverse benefits at a low cost.

 

What types of mutual funds are there?

Most mutual funds fall into one of four main categories – money market funds, bond funds, stock funds, and target date funds. Each type has different features, risks, and rewards.

 

1. Money market funds have relatively low risks. By law, they can invest only in certain high-quality, short-term investments issued by U.S. corporations, and federal, state and local governments.

 

2. Bond funds have higher risks than money market funds because they typically aim to produce higher returns. Because there are many different types of bonds, the risks and rewards of bond funds can vary dramatically.

 

3. Stock funds invest in corporate stocks. Not all stock funds are the same. Some examples are : Growth funds focus on stocks that may not pay a regular dividend but have potential for above-average financial gains.Income funds invest in stocks that pay regular dividends.Index funds track a particular market index such as the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. Sector funds specialize in a particular industry segment.

 

4. Target date funds hold a mix of stocks, bonds, and other investments. Over time, the mix gradually shifts according to the fund’s strategy. Target date funds, sometimes known as lifecycle funds, are designed for individuals with particular retirement dates in mind.

Importance of Public opinion- shared by Prof Manisha

 

                                             Importance of Public opinion

 

Public opinion consists of the desires, wants and thinking of the majority of the people. It is the collective opinion of the people of a society or state on an issue or problem.

The term ‘public opinion’ was coined by philosopher John Locke in the 17th century. However, the concept itself predates Locke. Vex populi or ‘voice of the people’ is a similar Latin concept. Today, public opinion is defined in the following way: collective evaluations expressed by people on politico-social-economical issues, policies, institutions, and individuals. Listening is essential in a democracy. People have a right to be heard by their representatives. That is what legitimizes democracy in the public eye and builds trust in government and its institutions. The functioning of a stable society is impossible without the means of a free -flowing two-way communication – talking and listening– with openness to the others’ point of view. Public opinion can act as a check on leadership, as the members of the public can express their dissatisfaction with politicians who refuse to take their opinions into account and vote them out of office.  Presenting the views of the mass public to government leaders who are making decisions  that will affect society. Leaders often monitor the public pulse when making policy decisions, especially when they face an election campaign.

Public opinion is an essential element for successful working of democratic communication in the system. Public Opinion is the expression of the views of citizens. No government can afford to ignore it.

A sound and effective public opinion prevent the structures of dictators.

It promotes wider awareness and invites citizens to examine issues from different points of view

Public opinion acts as the guide to the government in respect of policy formation.

Public opinion helps the government to enact laws

Public opinion acts as a watchdog. It controls and checks the government from becoming irresponsible. 

 Public opinion acts as the protector of rights and liberties of citizens. In a democratic country, people have the right to criticize or support the government in their own way

1. Public Opinion Serves as the Foundation of Democracy:

Sovereignty of the people, which is the very basis of democracy, really means supremacy of the public opinion. In every democracy, the government and its policies are continuously based on public opinion. The government remains in power so long as it is backed by public opinion.

2. Public Opinion is a Device of Effective Control over the Government:

Public opinion is the most effective instrument of control over the government. The government is really responsible to public opinion.

 3. Public Opinion Determines Election Results: In every election only that political party wins which enjoys the support of public opinion.

4. Public Opinion is a Major Source of Law: The laws passed by the government are in-fact based upon public demands i.e. demands backed by public opinion. Hence, public opinion is a source of law.

5. Public Opinion is the Real Sanction behind Law: Not only public opinion is a source of law but also it is an important sanction behind law. Only those laws get successfully implemented and produce desired results, which are backed by public opinion.

6. Public Opinion is the Guardian of Rights and Freedoms: Rights and Freedom of the people need protection. Public Opinion acts as their guardian. Alert public opinion is the greatest safeguard against any violation of rights and freedoms of the people.

7. Public Opinion is the Basis of State Policies: The government of the state formulates its policies on the basis of the public opinion. The government is supposed to do everything which the public opinion demands.

8. Credibility of a Government Rests Upon Public Opinion: A government backed by strong public opinion enjoys a high degree of credibility. It helps it to work effectively and strongly.

9. Public Opinion is the Agent of Social Change: No law aimed at social change, no policy aimed at social reforms and no action aimed at development can be really successful unless it is backed by strong public opinion. Desired objectives of social change can be secured only by securing a public opinion distinctly favorable to proposed reforms and changes. As such in every society, public opinion is at the back of every activity of the government.

Artical By

Prof Manisha