Blog shared by Ms. Manisha (Asst. Prof. in Political Science)

 Veto Power & its type.

A veto is an Indigenous right to reject a decision or offer made by a law-making body.

What is the veto Power of India?

The President has three veto Powers absolute, suspense and Pocket. The President Can Shoot the bill back to Parliament for Changes which Constitutes a limited veto that' Can be hoofed by a Simple majority

Veto Power of the President: (Meaning),

The President of India has three different features of veto power that he might use throughout the bill blessing Process, as Started in Article III. It will not be able to become law or an act if the President declines the sign the bill for whatever reason. A bill must be approved by both houses of the Indian parliament in order to become law or an act.

Veto Power of President Types

Article 111 of the Indian Constitution specifies that the President of India has a limited right of veto. The President is granted three different vetoes:

Absolute Veto Power

Suspensive Veto Power

Pocket Veto Power

Absolute Veto Power of Indian President

When a measure is given to the president after being approved by the parliament, he has absolute discretion to accept or reject it. As a result, it won’t result in the bill being a law or an act. The law stagnates and dies when the president exercises his absolute veto because even after it is approved by the legislature, he does not 

Suspensive Veto Power of President

The President can send a law back to the legislature for reconsideration when using the Suspensive Veto.

Pocket Veto Power of President

 In a pocket veto, the president might choose not to act on a bill that has been offered to him by the legislature for an indefinite period of time without giving a reason or rejecting it. 

Explain the types of veto power in more detail:

National Veto Power: In this context, the term usually refers to the power of a country’s leader or executive branch to reject legislation passed by the country’s legislative body. In some systems, such as the United States, the President has the authority to veto bills passed by Congress, which can then be overridden by a two-thirds majority vote in both houses.

UN Security Council Veto Power: The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is a powerful body responsible for maintaining international peace and security. It consists of five permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) that possess veto power. When the UNSC discusses resolutions, any of these five members can cast a veto, preventing the resolution from being adopted, regardless of how many other member states support it.

European Union (EU) Veto Power: Certain decisions within the European Union require unanimous agreement among all member states. This means that any member state has the power to veto a decision, effectively blocking its implementation.

NATO Consensus Rule: In the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), decision-making is typically based on a consensus rule. Each member state has the power to veto any proposal that they believe may compromise their security or national interest.

International Financial Institutions: Some international financial institutions, like the International Monetary Fund (IMF), have governance structures that grant veto power to certain member countries. Major decisions may require the approval of a supermajority, which includes the support of key stakeholders with veto power.

Presidential Veto: In presidential system of government, the head of state or the president may have the power to veto legislation passed by the legislative body. This allows the president to prevent a bill from becoming law unless it is overridden by a supermajority vote in the legislature.

Governor’s Veto: In some federal systems, like the United States, individual states grant their governors the authority to veto state-level legislation.

Line-Item Veto: This type of veto allows the executive (president or governor) to reject specific parts or provisions of a bill while signing the rest into law. This power is not universally available and may be subject to constitutional constraints.

Pocket Veto: Occurs when the executive fails to sign or reject a bill within a specified period (usually at the end of a legislative session). In some countries, if the executive does not act on the bill within the timeframe, it is automatically vetoed.

Committee Veto: In parliamentary systems, legislative committees may possess the power to block or delay legislation by not moving it forward for consideration.

Shareholder Veto: In corporate governance, shareholders of a company may have the power to veto certain decisions or corporate actions through voting rights.

Coalition Veto: In multiparty systems, coalition partners may have the ability to veto certain policy decisions or proposals to maintain their agreement to work together.

Judicial Veto: In some countries with a strong judicial system, the judiciary may have the authority to invalidate or nullify legislation that is deemed unconstitutional.

Each type of veto power has its nuances and implications depending on the political or organizational context in which it is applied.